Biology 432
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
Genetic Drift
Natural Selection
Drift and Natural Selection
Mutation and Natural Selection
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
User Inputs
Proportion of allele A
0
1
0
0
0.5
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Allele A is dominant
Genetic Drift
User Inputs
Starting proportion
0
1
0
0
0.5
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Number of populations
1
50
0
0
5
1
6
11
16
21
26
31
36
41
46
50
Show mean of populations
Population size
10
1,000
0
0
10
10
109
208
307
406
505
604
703
802
901
1,000
Number of alleles
2
20
0
0
10
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Track an allele
Population size
10
30
0
0
10
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
Number of generations
10
100
0
0
10
10
19
28
37
46
55
64
73
82
91
100
Re-run
Tracking populations
Tracking alleles
Natural Selection
User Inputs
Initial proportion allele A
0
1
0
0
0.5
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Number of generations
10
100
0
0
10
10
19
28
37
46
55
64
73
82
91
100
Allele A is dominant
Fitness of phenotype 1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Fitness of phenotype 2
0
1
0
0
1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Fitness of phenotype 1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Fitness of phenotype 2
0
1
0
0
1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Fitness of phenotype 3
0
1
0
0
1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Anemia death rate
0
1
0
0
0.5
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Malaria death rate
0
1
0
0
0.5
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Use realistic death rate values
Initial proportion of carriers
0
1
0
0
0.05
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Population size
100
10,000
0
0
1,000
100
1,090
2,080
3,070
4,060
5,050
6,040
7,030
8,020
9,010
10,000
Simulate results
Re-run
Natural selection simulation
Sickle-cell anemia
Selection curves
Fitness curves
Natural Selection and Drift
User Inputs
Number of generations
10
100
0
0
10
10
19
28
37
46
55
64
73
82
91
100
Initial proportion allele A
0
1
0
0
0.5
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Population size
2
1,000
0
0
100
2
102
202
302
402
502
602
702
802
902
1,000
Allele A is dominant
Fitness of phenotype 1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Fitness of phenotype 2
0
1
0
0
1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Fitness of phenotype 1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Fitness of phenotype 2
0
1
0
0
1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Fitness of phenotype 3
0
1
0
0
1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Number of generations
10
100
0
0
10
10
19
28
37
46
55
64
73
82
91
100
Population 1
Initial proportion allele A
0
1
0
0
0.5
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Population size
2
1,000
0
0
100
2
102
202
302
402
502
602
702
802
902
1,000
Immigration from population 2
0
1
0
0
0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Allele A is dominant
Fitness of phenotype 1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Fitness of phenotype 2
0
1
0
0
1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Fitness of phenotype 1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Fitness of phenotype 2
0
1
0
0
1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Fitness of phenotype 3
0
1
0
0
1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Population 2
Initial proportion allele A
0
1
0
0
0.5
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Population size
2
1,000
0
0
100
2
102
202
302
402
502
602
702
802
902
1,000
Immigration from population 1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Allele A is dominant
Fitness of phenotype 1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Fitness of phenotype 2
0
1
0
0
1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Fitness of phenotype 1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Fitness of phenotype 2
0
1
0
0
1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Fitness of phenotype 3
0
1
0
0
1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
One population
Two populations
Alleles through time
Genotypes through time
Mean fitness through time
Alleles through time
Genotypes through time
Heterozygotes at last generation
Mutation and Natural Selection
User Inputs
Number of generations
10
1,000
0
0
10
10
109
208
307
406
505
604
703
802
901
1,000
Initial proportion allele A
0
1
0
0
0.5
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Mutation rate
0
0.1
0
0
0.001
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.1
Allele A is dominant
Fitness of phenotype 1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Fitness of phenotype 2
0
1
0
0
1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Fitness of phenotype 1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Fitness of phenotype 2
0
1
0
0
1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Fitness of phenotype 3
0
1
0
0
1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Alleles through time
Genotypes through time